This study examines whether globalization has sought to weaken nation-states and explores its broader implications. Using a descriptive and eclectic approach, it acknowledges the ongoing debate surrounding globalization. This research proceeds with the understanding that the findings presented here will not definitively resolve the longstanding controversies surrounding globalization. The persistence of these debates is attributable to the fact that globalization has been one of the most contentious and polarizing issues of the contemporary era, particularly since the 1980s. The root cause of the controversy surrounding this issue lies in the adoption of neoliberal policies by Ronald Reagan in the US, Margaret Thatcher in the UK, and Turgut Özal in Turkey. The promotion of neoliberalism under the banner of globalization, coupled with the rise of postmodernism in academia, was undoubtedly a significant historical development, not a mere coincidence. Rather, it pertained to the evolutionary progress of the capitalist system. In light of these advancements, it is evident that the process will escalate. Consequently, a substantial body of research on globalization has been produced worldwide and within our own country. Much of the worldwide and domestic discourse is superficial, driven by allegiance and opposition rather than by scientific, academic, or intellectual concerns. This is because the subject matter is not theoretical but a lived reality, and the core arguments it advances in economic, political, social, and cultural realms are fundamentally paradoxical in relation to their practical consequences. The question of who gains from the issues and outcomes arising from social practices identifies the proponents, while the question of who loses identifies the opponents. A third group perceives globalization as a collection of opportunities, a rational reality that must be embraced, and maintains a neutral stance.

Globalization, Nation-state, Poverty, Neo-Liberalism, Political fragmentation